Treino cognitivo em idosos participantes de uma oficina gerontológica: melhorias no tempo de reação / Cognitive training in the elderly from a gerontological group: improvement in reaction time

Frente ao crescente aumento da prevalência de doenças crônicas na população, demência e comprometimento cognitivo tornam-se demandas preocupantes na saúde pública. Estudos sugerem que a prática de atividades cognitivas contribui para preservar e proteger a cognição de idosos, entretanto poucos estudos brasileiros avaliam tais efeitos por meio de testes digitais. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos do treino cognitivo em idosos participantes de uma oficina gerontológica por meio de um teste digital e um teste tradicional. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo quase experimental, cuja amostra foi composta por 10 participantes (poder amostral = 0,89). O estudo teve duração de 20 semanas, cada com uma hora de treino cognitivo, e realizaram-se avaliações pré-intervenção e pós-intervenção. Foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico, o Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination ­ Revised, e um teste digital de detecção de mudanças. Resultados: nove idosas eram do sexo feminino, a média de idade foi de 71,5 anos (± 8,2) e de escolaridade de 11,3 anos de estudo (±4,8). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando comparadas as avaliações pré-intervenção e pós-intervenção para o ACE-R (t=2,083/p=0,067), nem para o número de acertos no teste digital (t=0,335; p=0,745). Contudo, observou-se uma diferença significativa no tempo de reação dos idosos (t=2,597; p=0,029), cuja média reduziu de 5,9s (±3,35) para 3,7s (±1,18). Conclusão: os resultados sugerem que o teste digital de detecção de mudanças tem potencial para monitoramento das alterações longitudinais advindas de treino cognitivo.(AU)

Due to the increasing number of chronic conditions among the population, dementia and mild cognitive impairment have become worrying demands for the field of public health. Research suggests that the practice of cognitive activities contributes to preserving and protecting cognitive functioning in the elderly, however, few Brazilian studies have evaluated such effects with digital tests. Purpose: evaluate the effects of cognitive training in elderly participants of a gerontological group with both digital and traditional cognitive tests. Methods: this is a quasi-experimental study, whose sample was 10 older adults (sampling power = 0.89). The intervention was given for 20 weeks, with one hour of cognitive training each. Pre- and post-intervention evaluation was conducted. In addition to a sociodemographic questionnaire, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised and a digital task were used to access participants' cognition. Results: nine participants were female; the mean age was 71.5 years (± 8.2); the mean years of education was 11.3 (±4.8). No statistical difference was observed, between pre- and post-evaluations, for ACE-R (t=2.083/p=0.067) or performance in the digital task (t=0.335; p=0.745). However, a significant difference was obtained for older adults' reaction time (t=2.597; p=0.029), whose mean decreased from 5.9s (±3.35) to 3.7s (±1.18). Conclusion: our results suggest that the change detection task has the potential for monitoring longitudinal changes caused by cognitive training.(AU)

Factors associated with depressive symptoms in older adults in context of social vulnerability / Factores Asociados a los síntomas depresivos en ancianos en contexto de alta vulnerabilidad social / Fatores associados a sintomas depressivos em idosos inseridos em contexto de vulnerabilidade social

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly inserted in a context of high social vulnerability. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 302 elderly people enrolled in Primary Care. We used a sociodemographic questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale, Mini Nutritional Assessment, Shor-form-6D Quality of Life Questionnaire and Medical Outcome Study Scale. For data analysis, a logistic regression was performed considering two groups, with and without depressive symptoms. Results: A good perception of the quality of life (OR: 0.21) and receiving emotional support (OR: 0.98) were presented as protective factors for depression, have risks of malnutrition (OR: 4.87), belong to the female sex OR: 1.88) and living alone (OR: 2.34), indicated a predictor factor for depression. Conclusion: Quality of life and social support were identified as protective factors for depressive symptoms while being at risk of malnutrition, living alone, reporting pain and being female are predictors.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar factores asociados a los síntomas depresivos en ancianos insertados en contexto de alta vulnerabilidad social. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con 302 ancianos de comunidad registrados en Unidades de Salud de la Familia. Se utilizó cuestionario sociodemográfico, Escala de Depresión Geriátrica, Mini Evaluación Nutricional, Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida Shor-form-6D y Escala de Medical Outcome Study. Para el análisis de datos ha sido realizada regresión logística considerando dos equipos, con y sin síntomas depresivos. Resultados: Una buena percepción de la calidad de vida (OR: 0,21) y recibir apoyo emocional (OR: 0,98) se presentaron como factores protectores a la depresión, tener riesgos de desnutrición (OR: 4,87), pertenecer al sexo femenino (OR: 4,87) OR: 1,88) y vivir solo (OR: 2,34), indicaron factor indicador para la depresión. Conclusión: La calidad de vida y el apoyo social han sido identificados como factores protectores para los síntomas depresivos en cuanto estar bajo el riesgo de desnutrición, vivir solo, relatar el dolor y ser del sexo femenino son factores indicadores

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar fatores associados a sintomas depressivos em idosos inseridos em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 302 idosos de comunidade cadastrados em Unidades de Saúde da Família. Utilizou-se questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, Mini Avaliação Nutricional, Questionário de Qualidade de Vida Short-Form-6D e Escala de Medical Outcome Study. Para análise de dados foi realizada regressão logística, considerando dois grupos, com e sem sintomas depressivos. Resultados: Uma boa percepção da qualidade de vida (OR: 0,21) e receber apoio emocional (OR: 0,98) se apresentaram enquanto fatores protetores à depressão; e ter riscos de desnutrição (OR: 4,87), pertencer ao sexo feminino (OR: 1,88) e morar só (OR: 2,34) indicaram fator preditor para a depressão. Conclusão: Qualidade de vida e suporte social foram identificados como fatores protetores para sintomas depressivos, enquanto estar sob risco de desnutrição, morar sozinho, relatar dor e ser do sexo feminino são fatores preditores.

Effects of blocking αvβ3 integrin by a recombinant RGD disintegrin on remodeling of wound healing after induction of incisional hernia in rats

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes induced by DisBa-01 on repair of wound healing after induced incisional hernia (IH) in rats. METHODS: Thirty two male albino rats were submitted to IH and divided into four experimental groups: G1, placebo control; G2, DisBa-01-treated; G3, anti-αvβ3 antibodies-treated and G4, anti-α2 antibodies-treated. Histological, biochemical and extracellular matrix remodeling analysis of abdominal wall were evaluated. RESULTS: After 14 days, 100% of the G2 did not present hernia, and the hernia ring was closed by a thin membrane. In contrast, all groups maintained incisional hernia. DisBa-01 also increased the number macrophages and fibroblasts and induced the formation of new vessels. Additionally, MMP-2 was strongly activated only in G2 (p<0.05). Anti- αvβ3-integrin antibodies produced similar results than DisBa-01 but not anti-α2 integrin blocking antibodies. CONCLUSION: DisBa-01 has an important role in the control of wound healing and the blocking of this integrin may be an interesting therapeutically strategy in incisional hernia. .

Effects of Blocking αvβ3 integrin by a recombinant RGD disintegrin on remodeling of wound healing after induction of incisional hernia in rats

PURPOSE: Incisional hernia (IH) is characterized by defective wound healing process. Disba-01, a αvb3 integrin blocker has shown to control the rate of wound repair and therefore it could be a target for new wound healing therapies.The objective of the study was to determine the changes induced by Disba-01 on repair of wound healing after induced IH in rats. METHODS: Thirty two male albino rats were submitted to IH and divided into 4 experimental groups: G1, placebo control; G2, DisBa-01-treated; G3, anti-αvβ3 antibodies-treated and G4, anti-α2 antibodies-treated. Histological. biochemical and extracellular matrix remodeling analysis of abdominal wall were evaluated. RESULTS: After 14 days, 100% of the G2 did not present hernia, and the hernia ring was closed by a thin membrane. In contrast, all groups maintained incisional hernia. DisBa-01 also increased the number macrophages and fibroblasts and induced the formation of new vessels. Additionally, MMP-2 was strongly activated only in G2 (P<0.05). Anti- αvβ3-integrin antibodies produced similar results than Disba-01 but not anti-α2 integrin blocking antibodies. CONCLUSION: These results strongly indicate that Disba-01 has an important role in the control of wound healing and the blocking of this integrin may be an interesting therapeutical strategy in IH. .